1,Mfundo yogwirira ntchitoChokometsera cha pistoni ndi silinda, valavu, ndi mu silinda yoyendetsera pisitoni yobwerezabwereza yomwe imapangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito komwe kumasintha nthawi zonse kuti kumalizidwe. Ngati simuganizira za ntchito yeniyeni ya kutayika kwa voliyumu ya pistoni compressor ndi kutayika kwa mphamvu (ndiko kuti, njira yoyenera yogwirira ntchito), crankshaft ya pistoni compressor pa kuzungulira kwa sabata imodzi kuti ntchitoyo ithe, ikhoza kugawidwa m'njira ziwiri: kuyamwa, kukanikiza, ndi njira yotulutsira utsi.
Njira yochepetsera:Pistoni ikayamba kuyenda kuchokera pansi poyimitsa kupita mmwamba, valavu yoyamwa ndi kutulutsa mpweya ikatsekedwa, mpweya womwe uli mu silinda yotsekedwa umakanikizidwa, pamene voliyumu ya silinda imachepa pang'onopang'ono, kuthamanga, kutentha kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono mpaka kuthamanga kwa mpweya wa silinda ndi kuthamanga kwa utsi zikufanana. Njira yokanikizira nthawi zambiri imaonedwa ngati njira ya isentropic.
Njira yotulutsira utsi: Pistoni imapitirira kukwera mmwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wa silinda ukhale wokwera kuposa mpweya wotuluka, valavu yotulutsa mpweya imatsegulidwa, mpweya wa silinda womwe uli mu pistoni kuti ukankhire mphamvu kuchokera mu silinda kupita mu chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya, mpaka pisitoni isunthire kupita pamwamba. Pa nthawiyi, chifukwa cha mphamvu ya kasupe wa valavu yotulutsa mpweya komanso mphamvu yokoka ya valavu yokha, valavu yotulutsa mpweya imatseka kumapeto kwa utsi.
2, ntchito za compressor ya pisitoni
Ntchito zazikulu: kusungirako zinthu zozizira ndi kuzizira komanso kuzizira m'masitolo pogwiritsa ntchito ma compressor a piston okhala ndi mpweya wochepa; ntchito zochepa: mpweya woziziritsa m'malo osungiramo zinthu zozizira.
Kompresa ya pistoni yokhala ndi mpweya wozizira nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa ndi mota ya pole zinayi, ndipo mphamvu yake yovomerezeka nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 60-600 KW. Chiwerengero cha masilinda ndi 2 - 8, mpaka 12.2, ntchito za kompresa ya pistoni.
Ntchito zazikulu: kusungirako zinthu zozizira ndi kuzizira komanso msika wozizira umagwiritsa ntchito compressor ya piston yokhala ndi mpweya wochepa; ntchito zochepa: mpweya woziziritsa m'malo oziziritsira m'malo ogwirira ntchito.
Chokometsera cha piston chopanda chopoperachifukwa chamalo osungira oziziranthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa ndi mota ya pole zinayi, ndipo mphamvu yake yovomerezeka nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 60-600KW. Chiwerengero cha masilinda ndi 2 - 8, mpaka 12.
3, ubwino wa ma compressor a pisitoni
(1) Kupanikizika kofunikira kungapezeke mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akuyenda, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kupanikizika kotuluka mpaka 320MPa (ntchito zamafakitale) komanso ngakhale 700MPa, (mu labotale).
(2) Kuchuluka kwa makina amodzi pa liwiro lililonse la kuyenda mpaka 500 m3/min.
(3) Zofunikira zochepa pazinthu zomwe zimafunika pamlingo wopanikizika, zomwe zimapangidwa kwambiri ndi zipangizo zachitsulo wamba, zosavuta kukonza komanso zotsika mtengo kumanga.
(4) Kutentha kwambiri, makamaka mayunitsi akuluakulu ndi apakatikati amatha kufika pafupifupi 0.7 ~ 0.85 mphamvu ya adiabatic.
(5) Kusinthasintha kwamphamvu posintha kuchuluka kwa mpweya, mwachitsanzo kuchuluka kwa utsi kumakhala kwakukulu ndipo sikukhudzidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya kwakukulu kapena kochepa, ndipo kumatha kusintha malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya wozizira.
(6) Kulemera ndi makhalidwe a mpweya sizikhudza kwambiri momwe compressor imagwirira ntchito, ndipo compressor yomweyo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mpweya wosiyanasiyana.
(7) Makina oyendetsera galimoto ndi osavuta, makamaka amagwiritsa ntchito ma mota amagetsi, nthawi zambiri alibe malamulo oyendetsera liwiro, ndipo ndi abwino kwambiri kukonza.
(8) ukadaulo wa piston compressor ndi wokhwima kwambiri, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino.
4, kuipa kwa ma compressor a pistoni
(1) kapangidwe kovuta komanso kokulirapo, zida zogwirira ntchito, malo akuluakulu pansi, ndalama zambiri, ntchito yokonza, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yochepa, koma pambuyo poyeserera kumatha kufika maola opitilira 8000.
(2) Liwiro sili lalikulu, makinawo ndi akulu komanso olemera, ndipo mphamvu yotulutsa utsi wa makina amodzi nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepera 500 m3/min.
(3) Kugwedezeka pakugwira ntchito kwa makina.
(4) Mpweya wotulutsa utsi supitirira, mpweya umatuluka mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitolirocho chigwedezeke mosavuta, nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa netiweki ya chitoliro kapena zida za makina chifukwa cha mpweya wotuluka komanso kumveka bwino pazochitika zazikulu.
(5) Kulamulira kayendedwe ka madzi pogwiritsa ntchito ma valve othandizidwa ndi ndalama kapena ma valve odutsa, ngakhale kuti ndi osavuta, osavuta komanso odalirika, koma ndi kutayika kwakukulu kwa mphamvu komanso kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito panthawi yogwira ntchito pang'ono.
(6) Ma compressor odzola mafuta okhala ndi mafuta mu mpweya omwe amafunika kuchotsedwa.
(7) Mafakitale akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma compressor seti angapo pamene pali ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri kapena mphamvu ya ntchito ndi yayikulu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-03-2022