Kawirikawiri, pali njira ziwiri zosungira:
1. Njira zakuthupi zimaphatikizapo: kusungirako kutentha kochepa, kusungirako mpweya wolamulidwa, kusungirako mpweya wochepa, kusungirako ma radiation amagetsi, ndi zina zotero. Pakati pawo, ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wosungiramo zinthu zatsopano umaphatikizapo kusunga zinthu zatsopano zotentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi chambiri, kusunga zinthu zatsopano zosinthidwa m'madzi pakati pa maselo, kusunga zinthu zatsopano zoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya wozizira modulated ozone, ndi zina zotero. Ngakhale kuti ukadaulo uwu wosungiramo zinthu zatsopano umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, umafuna zida zapadera, ntchito zovuta, ndalama zambiri, komanso zazikulu. Pali zovuta zina pakugwiritsa ntchito.
2. Njira zamakemikolo makamaka zimakhala ndi zinthu zosungiramo zinthu zatsopano. Zinthu zosungiramo zinthu zambiri zimaphatikizapo: zopaka utoto, zinthu zoyeretsera ethylene (zoyamwitsa), zinthu zotetezera mabakiteriya, ndi zina zotero. Ngati zigwiritsidwa ntchito posungiramo zinthu zatsopano panyumba, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosungiramo zinthu zochepa. Nthawi zambiri, njira zakuthupi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga kusungiramo zinthu kutentha kochepa (firiji), chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, kutseka utsi kapena kuyika m'madzi (kutentha kochepa ndi chinyezi chambiri), ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafunika thandizo la malo osungiramo zinthu ozizira.
Ponena za kugawa, pali njira khumi zenizeni (nthawi zambiri, kutenga nawo mbali posungira zinthu zozizira m'malo atsopano ndikofunikira):
1. Kusunga filimu yatsopano:
Iyi ndi filimu yosungiramo pulasitiki yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha, yopangidwa ndi anthu ambiri komanso yosunga zinthu zatsopano, yopangidwa ndi Japan. Imapangidwa ndi mafilimu awiri opepuka a nayiloni okhala ndi madzi ambiri, ndipo phala lachilengedwe ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya osmotic zimayikidwa pakati pa mafilimuwo. Madzi a shuga abwino kwambiri amatha kuyamwa pang'onopang'ono madzi omwe amatuluka pamwamba pa ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso ndi nyama, kuti azikhala atsopano.
2. Kusunga ma microwave
Iyi ndi njira yosungiramo zinthu zatsopano yophera zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba ndi nsomba pa kutentha kochepa ndi kampani ku Netherlands. Imagwiritsa ntchito ma microwave kuti itenthe mpaka 72°C pakapita nthawi yochepa (120s), kenako imayika chakudya chokonzedwa pamsika pa 0-4°C, ndipo imatha kusungidwa kwa masiku 42-45 popanda kuwonongeka. Ndi yoyenera kupezeka kwa "masamba ndi zipatso za nyengo" nthawi yopuma, ndipo anthu amakonda.
3. Zosungira zakudya zamasamba ndi zipatso:
Ichi ndi chosungira cha masamba ndi zipatso chomwe chimadyedwa chomwe chinapangidwa ndi bungwe la zakudya la ku Britain. Ndi "emulsion yowala" yopangidwa ndi sucrose, starch, fatty acid ndi polyester. Itha kupopedwa, kutsukidwa, ndikuviikidwa mu vwende, phwetekere, tsabola, biringanya, nkhaka, apulo, ndi zina zotero. Nthawi yatsopano ya nthochi ndi malo ena imatha kukhala masiku 200 kapena kuposerapo. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chosungira ichi chimapanga "filimu yotseka" pamwamba pa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, zomwe zimaletsa mpweya kulowa mkati mwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, potero kukwaniritsa cholinga chowonjezera nthawi yakucha ya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yosungira.
4. Katoni yosungiramo zinthu zatsopano
Uwu ndi mtundu watsopano wa katoni wopangidwa ndi Japan Food Distribution System Association. Ofufuzawa adagwiritsa ntchito "Ristobalite" (mtundu wa silicate) ngati chowonjezera pa zamkati. Chifukwa mtundu uwu wa ufa wa miyala uli ndi mphamvu yabwino yoyamwa mpweya wosiyanasiyana, ndipo kulemera kwa ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso zatsopano sikungachepe, kotero amalonda amakonda kuugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo ndi wapadera posungira ndi kunyamula kutali.
5. Njira yosungira kusakaniza kwa hydrocarbon:
Ichi ndi "chosungira zachilengedwe" chomwe chinapangidwa ndi kampani ya British Sempei Biotechnology Company chomwe chingawonjezere kawiri nthawi yosungira ya tomato, tsabola, mapeyala, mphesa ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zina. Chimagwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo chovuta cha ma hydrocarbon. Chikagwiritsidwa ntchito, chimasungunuka m'madzi kuti chikhale ngati yankho, kenako ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso zomwe ziyenera kusungidwa zatsopano zimanyowa mu yankho, kotero kuti pamwamba pa ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso pakhale chivindikiro chofanana ndi wosanjikiza wamadzimadzi. Izi zichepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umayamwa, kotero kuti pafupifupi carbon dioxide yonse yopangidwa ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba idzatulutsidwa. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu ya chosungira ndi kutentha kochepa kwa malo ozizira osungiramo zinthu zatsopano zili ngati "mankhwala oletsa ululu" omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zogona.
6. Matumba osungira zinthu zatsopano a ceramic:
Ichi ndi thumba la masamba ndi zipatso lomwe limasunga zinthu zatsopano lomwe lili ndi infrared yochokera kutali yopangidwa ndi kampani yaku Japan. Limakutidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zofewa kwambiri za ceramic mkati mwa thumba, ndipo kuwala kwa infrared komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi ceramic kumatha kutulutsa chinyezi mu zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Kuyenda kwamphamvu kwa "resonance" kumalimbikitsa kusunga zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
7. Njira Yosungira Ukadaulo Wamagetsi:
Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma ayoni a okosijeni ndi ozoni omwe amapangidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamphamvu. Ma ayoni a okosijeni olakwika amatha kuletsa ma enzymes a kagayidwe kachakudya a zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, motero amachepetsa mphamvu ya kupuma kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndikufooketsa kupanga kwa ethylene ngati chothandizira kukhwima kwa zipatso. Ozone ndi mankhwala amphamvu ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso mabakiteriya, omwe sangangopha ndikuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi poizoni zomwe zimatulutsidwa pa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, komanso amaletsa ndikuchedwetsa hydrolysis ya zinthu zachilengedwe mu zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, motero amawonjezera nthawi yosungira zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
8. Njira yosungira zinthu zochepetsera kupsinjika:
Iyi ndi njira yatsopano yosungira zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, yomwe ili ndi zotsatira zabwino zosungira zatsopano, ndipo ili ndi ubwino wosamalira mosavuta, kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, komanso mtengo wotsika. Mayiko ena monga United Kingdom, United States, Germany, ndi France apanga zidebe zotsika mphamvu zokhala ndi zofunikira zokhazikika. , zagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ponyamula zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba kutali.
9. Kusunga kuthamanga kwa magazi:
Inapangidwa bwino ndi Food Science Institute of Kyoto University ku Japan. Imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokakamiza popanga chakudya. Ndiwo zamasamba zimatha kusungidwa zatsopano kwa nthawi yayitali komanso zatsopano mutatha kuziyeretsa. Komabe, asidi sangagwire ntchito mukapanikizika, choncho ndibwino kudya. Munthawi yabwino kwambiri, ndibwino kusunga nkhaka ndi zipatso.
10. Njira yosungira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda:
Ethylene imalimbikitsa kukalamba ndi kukhwima kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, kotero kuti zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zikhale zatsopano, ethylene iyenera kuchotsedwa. Pambuyo pofufuza ndi kufufuza, asayansi apeza "mtundu wa NH-9" womwe ungapangitse zinthu za "ethylene remover NH-T" zomwe zimachotsa ethylene, zomwe zingalepheretse kufiira, kumasuka, ndi kutayika kwa tirigu panthawi yosungira mphesa. Tomato ndi tsabola zimatha kupewa kutayika kwa madzi, kusintha mtundu ndi kufewa, komanso zimakhala ndi zotsatira zodziwika bwino zosungira zatsopano.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-26-2022