1. Malangizo otetezera ntchito yowotcherera
Pothira zitsulo, ntchitoyo iyenera kuchitika motsatira njira zomwe zafotokozedwa, apo ayi, ubwino wa kuthira zitsulo udzakhudzidwa.
(1) Pamwamba pa zolumikizira za chitoliro chomwe chikulumikizidwa payenera kukhala koyera kapena kotseguka. Pakamwa pake payenera kukhala kosalala, kozungulira, kopanda mabala ndi ming'alu, komanso kofanana mu makulidwe. Pukutani zolumikizira za chitoliro cha mkuwa zomwe zikulumikizidwa ndi sandpaper, kenako muzizipukuta ndi nsalu youma. Kupanda kutero zidzakhudza kayendedwe ka solder ndi khalidwe la soldering.
(2) Ikani mapaipi amkuwa oti azikulungidwa pamodzi (samalani kukula kwake), ndipo gwirizanitsani pakati pa bwalo.
(3) Mukalumikiza, zigawo zolumikizidwa ziyenera kutenthedwa. Tenthetsani gawo lolumikizira la chitoliro cha mkuwa ndi lawi, ndipo chitoliro cha mkuwa chikatenthedwa mpaka kufika pa utoto wofiira, gwiritsani ntchito electrode yasiliva kuti mulumikize. Lawi likachotsedwa, cholumikiziracho chimatsamira pa cholumikizira cha cholumikizira, kotero kuti cholumikiziracho chisungunuke ndikulowa m'zigawo za mkuwa zolumikizidwa. Kutentha pambuyo pa kutentha kumatha kuwonetsa kutentha kudzera mu utoto.
(4) Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito lawi lamphamvu powotcherera mwachangu, ndikufupikitsa nthawi yowotcherera momwe mungathere kuti ma oxide ochulukirapo asapangidwe mupaipi. Ma oxide angayambitse dothi ndi kutsekeka pamwamba pa madzi otayira, komanso kuwononga kwambiri compressor.
(5) Mukasungunula, pamene chosungunula sichinalimba kwathunthu, musagwedeze kapena kugwedeza chitoliro cha mkuwa, apo ayi gawo losungunula lidzakhala ndi ming'alu ndikuyambitsa kutuluka kwa madzi.
(6) Pa makina oziziritsira odzazidwa ndi R12, saloledwa kuwotcherera popanda kutulutsa madzi mu firiji ya R12, ndipo sizingatheke kukonza zowotcherera pamene makina oziziritsira akadali kutuluka, kuti ateteze makina oziziritsira a R12 kuti asakhale oopsa chifukwa cha malawi otseguka. Phosgene ndi poizoni kwa thupi la munthu.
2. Njira yowotcherera ya magawo osiyanasiyana
(1) Kuwotcherera kwa zolumikizira mapaipi a diameter ya gawo
Mukalumikiza mapaipi amkuwa okhala ndi mulifupi womwewo mu makina oziziritsira, gwiritsani ntchito cholumikizira cholumikizira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, chitoliro cholumikizidwacho chimakulitsidwa kukhala chikho kapena pakamwa pa belu, kenako chitoliro china chimayikidwa. Ngati cholowetsacho chili chachifupi kwambiri, sichidzangokhudza mphamvu ndi kulimba kokha, komanso kutuluka kwa madzi kudzayenda mosavuta mu chitolirocho, zomwe zimayambitsa kuipitsidwa kapena kutsekeka; ngati mpata pakati pa mapaipi amkati ndi akunja ndi wochepa kwambiri, kutuluka kwa madzi sikungayende pamwamba pa chosungiramo ndipo kumatha kungolumikizidwa kunja kwa mawonekedwe. Mphamvu yake ndi yofooka kwambiri, ndipo idzasweka ndi kutuluka madzi ikagwedezeka kapena kupindika; ngati mpata wofanana ndi waukulu kwambiri, kutuluka kwa madzi kudzayenda mosavuta mu chitolirocho, zomwe zimayambitsa kuipitsidwa kapena kutsekeka. Nthawi yomweyo, kutuluka kwa madzi kudzachitika chifukwa cha kudzaza madzi okwanira mu cholumikiziracho, osati kokha chifukwa cha khalidwe lake. Sizabwino, komanso kuwononga zinthu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kusankha kutalika kolowera ndi kusiyana pakati pa mapaipi awiriwa moyenera.
(2) Kuwotcherera chubu cha capillary ndi chubu cha mkuwa
Pokonza choumitsira fyuluta cha makina oziziritsira, chubu cha capillary (chubu cha capillary choponderezedwa) chiyenera kulumikizidwa. Pamene chubu cha capillary chalumikizidwa ku choumitsira fyuluta kapena mapaipi ena, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mainchesi awiri a mapaipi, mphamvu ya kutentha ya chubu cha capillary ndi yochepa kwambiri, ndipo vuto la kutentha kwambiri limakhala lovuta kwambiri kuwonjezera tinthu ta metallographic ta chubu cha capillary, chomwe chimakhala chofooka komanso chosavuta kusweka. Pofuna kupewa kuti chubu cha capillary chisatenthe kwambiri, lawi la choumitsira gasi liyenera kupewa chubu cha capillary ndikuchipangitsa kufika kutentha kwa choumitsira nthawi yomweyo ndi chubu chokhuthala. Chogwirira chachitsulo chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuyika pepala lokhuthala la mkuwa pa chubu cha capillary kuti chiwonjezere malo otaya kutentha moyenera kuti chisatenthe kwambiri.
(3) Kuwotcherera chubu cha capillary ndi chowumitsira chosefera
Kuzama kwa capillary kuyenera kulamulidwa mkati mwa 5-15mm yoyamba, kumapeto kwa capillary ndi choumitsira fyuluta kuyenera kukhala 5mm kuchokera kumapeto kwa chophimba cha fyuluta, ndipo mpata wofanana uyenera kukhala 0.06 ~ 0.15mm. Mapeto a capillary ndi bwino kupangidwa ngati ngodya ya 45° ngati chipewa cha akavalo kuti tinthu tachilendo tisapitirire pamwamba pake ndikupangitsa kuti patsekeke.
Pamene ma diameter awiri a mapaipi ali osiyana kwambiri, choumitsira fyuluta chingaphwanyidwenso ndi chomangira cha paipi kapena kachipangizo kuti chikhale chosalala, koma kachipangizo ka mkati ka m'mapaipi sikangathe kukanidwa (kufa). Ndiko kuti, ikani kachipangizo ka m'mapaipi mu chubu cha mkuwa kaye, ndikuchifinya ndi chomangira cha paipi patali 10 mm kuchokera kumapeto kwa chubu chokhuthala.
(4) Kuwotcherera mapaipi oziziritsa ndi njira yoziziritsira
Kuzama kwa chitoliro choziziritsira chomwe chalowetsedwa mu chitolirocho kuyenera kukhala 10mm. Ngati chili chochepera 10mm, chitoliro choziziritsiracho chidzatuluka mosavuta panthawi yotenthetsera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi atseke chitolirocho.
3. Kuwunika ubwino wa kuwotcherera
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti palibe kutuluka kwa madzi pa gawo lolumikizidwa, kuwunika kofunikira kuyenera kuchitika pambuyo polumikiza.
(1) Yang'anani ngati ntchito yotseka ya weld ndi yabwino. Mukawonjezera refrigerant kapena nayitrogeni kuti ikhale yokhazikika kwa nthawi inayake, ikhoza kuyesedwa ndi madzi a sopo kapena njira zina.
(2) Pamene ntchito yoziziritsa ndi yoziziritsa mpweya ikugwira ntchito, palibe ming'alu (mipata) pamalo owotcherera chifukwa cha kugwedezeka komwe kuyenera kuloledwa.
(3) Paipiyo isatsekedwe chifukwa cha zinyalala zomwe zimalowa panthawi yowotcherera, komanso isalowe mu chinyezi chifukwa cha kusagwira bwino ntchito.
(4) Pamene firiji ndi mpweya woziziritsa zikugwira ntchito, pamwamba pa gawo lowotcherera payenera kukhala koyera komanso kopanda madontho a mafuta.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-23-2021